The oldest traces of the presence of man on the territory of Guardea go back to the Palaeolithic Age as evidenced by the finished tools and the flintstone splinters which have been found, now visible in the seat of the "Gruppo Archeologico" (the Guardea Archaeologic Club).
The Megalithic Walls, whose remains can be seen in the place called "Fossi", testify that already in the 3th-4th century the agricultural activity, was blooming. The four impressive stretches of walls we can still admire, are the remains of a system for keeping under control the waters of the streams in the area, and saving the cultivable fields. To the Roman period are to be ascribed the numerous clay fragments, the mosaic "tesserae" and the coins found on the municipal territory, also near the great "villa rustica" of the 1st century, discovered at Cocciano in 1921.
In 880 A. D. a count of Baschi founded, on the hilltop overhanging the present town, the castle of Guardege to keep watch over the territory. In the 13th century the castle becomes the property of the family of the lords who ruled in Alviano who kept it, through alternate events, till 1581 when Caterina Cervara, niece to Bartolomeo d'Alviano, brought it as a dowry to her husband Ludovico di Marsciano. In the 17th century the exodus from the "castrum" started and the population settled on the plateau below.

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